In order to collect all EGLUG document in text format to ease search on them . and this highlights the need of a place to store Eglug Documents This presentation was on Central El-Fawala.
GNU/Linux and Open Source
Egyptian GNU/Linux users' Group
Presented to Telecom Egypt
October 5 , 2004
What is free software ?
- Free software has to do with freedom.
- Free software has nothing to do with price.
- Think of "free speech", not "free food".
- word "free" has multiple, disjoint meanings in English.
- The birth of Free Software
- Richard M. Stallman
- 1984 Stallman start GNU.
- Stallman graduated from Harvard in 1974 with a BA in physics
- Freedom to run the program ,for any purpose(0)
- Freedom to study how the program works , and adapt it to your needs (1)
- Freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (2)
- Freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (3)
GNU - Is Not Unix
- A complete users work space programs
- All free software
- Unix like
- Use existing components
- Free Software Foundation
- GNU Development tools
What is Linux?
- A UNIX-like Operating System, created from scratch.
- Free of minix code
- Linus Trovalds
- released linux as an alternative to minix
- open development process
- anyone can contribute
What is Linux core "kernel" ?
By 1991 GNU was still missing the kernel .
perform many low level and system level functions.
communicates with hardware
Devloped by developers around the world.
Capable of running on tiny embedded systems (PDAs, robots, DSL routers) as well as the largest mainframes.
A GNU/Linux Timeline
1984 Stallman starts GNU and the FSF. 1990 GNU finished full user work space 1991 Linus posts about a 'Linux' 1991 Oct Linux Ver 0.02 Released 1993 Dec 100,000 estimated users 1994 Mar Linux 1.0 Released (500,000) 1996 June Linux 2.0 Released (3,500,000) 1998 Mar 7,500,000 estimated users 2000 Jan ???? till now
What is “Open Source?”
“Open Source” is a kind of software license (a kind of “End User License Agreement”)
What is “Open Source?”
It doesn't just mean “Access to the source-code”
The license must not restrict anyone from selling or giving away the software
The program must include the source code, and allow distribution
The license must allow for derived works and other modifications to be released under the same license
The license must not discriminate against persons or groups
The license must not discriminate against fields of endeavor (e.g., it cannot say “For educational use only”)
Who we are ?
Our goals are very simple. We have discovered GNU/Linux and want to talk to others who have made the same discovery. We are experts and novices, professionals and hobbyists, young and old. Whoever you are, we hope we have something for you. We have many contributes in advocate ,train and support for Linux community in Egypt
Why choose Open Source?
Open Source is Flexible The source code is available, so it can be altered to suit your needs. A program can change in ways the author never intended or dreamed of!
Open Source is Inexpensive Up front costs for the software are nil! Because the source is available, anyone can learn how software works, so support can become !!competitive; and therefore cheap!
Why choose Open Source?
Open Source developers are motivated Most developers of Open Source are doing it because they have a need or a want to; they are !!not simply programmer drones at a huge corporation! Better Security, and fewer bugs! Accidental (or malicious) bugs are found quickly, since anyone and everyone can examine the code. Viruses, “spyware,” etc. are almost non-existent! Actual bugs are fixed quickly, and in the open.
Why choose Open Source?
The code will survive! While the loss of a major corporate contributor may be a deterrent, it will never mean the death of a piece of Open Source software. The code will always be out there, since it can always be passed along!
You can contribute!
Even if you cannot help write the software, you can contribute with bug reports, feature requests, etc.
Why Switch to Linux?
Many are frustrated with bugs, viruses, and crashes.
Others are sick of spyware, pop-up ads, and having their computers hijacked to attack others or send spam.
Some are tired of recurring costs (both new versions of software, and new hardware just to run it!)
Finally, many have major concerns with new licensing that takes away their rights and invades their privacy!
Other Reasons to Use Linux
Linux is a powerful multitasking, multi-user operating system
The underlying OS and tools are separate from the graphical environment (GUI), so it is more well suited as a server. (It can run powerful servers on less powerful hardware.)
It runs web servers, databases, email, print servers, file shares...
Where does Linux run?
Embedded systems TiVo & entertainment systems Robots PDAs / hand held computers Cellphones Gateways, server appliances, wireless access points Point-of-sale systems (cash registers)
Licensing cost for the Linux OS itself is $0. Compared that to commercial embedded OSes!
Where does Linux run?
Variety of CPU architectures “IBM Compatible” PCs 386, 486, 586, Pentium Next generation PCs Itanium, AMD64/Opteron Motorola 68000 / PowerPC Apple Macintosh, Atari ST, Amiga, etc. Alpha ARM IBM S/390 MIPS PA-RISC Sparc
Where does Linux run?
Giant Mainframes & Clusters IBM, HP and others sell Linux-based systems Some make their own large systems out of hundreds, or thousands of commodity systems (clusters)
Users include:
Google (search engine) Amazon (e-commerce site) Dreamworks (animated motion pictures) NASA US National weather service Other government & military
Where does Linux run?
Thin Clients (and servers) Linux servers store and run applications, and store all user data.
Extremely low-end Linux clients display the applications.
Used in schools and colleges, and some small businesses.
Why Linux is secure?
Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. “Walls” and flexible file access permission
systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses.
Linux is process centric. No one can change the settings of the system except one user account (root). Remote administration made easy through command line tools.
Governments Switching to Linux and Open Source!
Britain's National Health Service considering (December 2003) Brazil leaning away from Microsoft (November 2003) “Vietnam embracing open-source products” (October 2003) Massachusetts mandates open source; locks horns with Microsoft(October 2003;) “Israel slams the door on Microsoft” (October 2003) UK Office of Government Commerce (October 2003) “Japan, China, Korea may develop Windows replacement”(August 2003)
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Not ready for Linux?
Use Open Source anyway! Countless applications have been released as Open Source
Much is developed specifically for Linux
However, much is either designed with other platforms in mind, or gets 'ported' later!
Some major commercial applications were later released as Open Source software! Some Open Source software you can use M$ Mozilla – Web Browser Netscape code base was released “into the wild” It is now one of the most standards-compliant browsers Developers design it to be user-oriented, rather than creating yet another means to serve advertising AOL now uses Open Source Mozilla project as a basis for commercial Netscape releases!!!
Mozilla Browser
Mozilla Mail
and Usenet News reader
Examples of Open Source software you can use on M$
OpenOffice.org – Office productivity suite
German “StarOffice” suite was purchased by Sun Microsystems and released as Open Source Has a high degree of Microsoft Office compatibility Can export directly to PDF Includes integrated Word Processor, Spreadsheet, Presentation, and Drawing apps Like AOL/Netscape does with “Mozilla,” Sun now uses OpenOffice.org as a basis for their commercial “StarOffice” product
OpenOffice.org Writer OpenOffice.org Calc
Examples of Open Source software you can use M$ The Gimp – Graphics manipulation software.
Originally developed for Linux and Unix by students at UC Berkeley Handles photo retouching, image composition, image authoring, and file format conversion Includes layers, filters, full script-ability, batch processing capabilities, and much more! Often dubbed “a free replacement for PhotoShop”
The Gimp
Examples of Open Source software you can use M$
Flight Gear – Flight simulator
Goals include: Creating a sophisticated simulation framework for research and academic environments For development and pursuit of other simulation ideas And, of course, as an end-user application
Examples of Open Source software you can use on M$
GCC – The GNU C Compiler
Famous Open Source compilers for C, C++, Java and Fortran Ported to countless CPU architectures Capable of cross-compiling between architectures
Examples of Open Source software you can use on M$
Audacity – Audio editor
Sound record and playback Import and export, WAV, MP3, AIFF and more Edit, mix and apply effects to sounds Additional effects can be added via plug-ins
Examples of Open Source software you can use on M$
Celestia – Real-time space simulation
Full 3D graphics Visit the Solar System Visit hundreds of thousands of stars
Examples of Open Source software you can use TODAY
Tux Paint – Drawing for young children
Easy enough for 3-year-olds Can be 'locked down' (full-screen display, disable “Quit” and “Print” buttons, etc.) Translated into over 30 languages
Get Open Source Software!
GNU Win II
A free software compliation for Windows. Download any/all programs from the website. Purchase a CDROM with select titles
Get Open Source Software!
Open Source Software CD
Another free software compliation for Windows. Includes only software for a broad audience, which has been thoroughly tested.
Get Linux
(No-commitment!)
Knoppix - “Live CD” of Linux
NOT an install disc. Doesn't place Linux on your hard disk... Runs completely from CDROM! When you're done, shut down and remove the disc; reboot and you're back in Windows! Known for it's ability to detect most hardware peripherals without any configuration! Sometimes used as an “emergency” boot disc to recover a dead Linux or
Windows system!
Get Linux
(No-commitment!)
Phaeronix - “Live CD” of Linux
NOT an install disc. Doesn't place Linux on your hard disk... Runs completely from CDROM! When you're done, shut down and remove the disc; reboot and you're back in Windows! Known for it's ability to detect most hardware peripherals without any configuration! made by Egyptian volunteer He is member of EGLUG.
Linux Users Desktop
- screen shoot of latest KDE
Linux Users Desktop
- screen shoot of latest KDE,showing the transparency.
Linux Users Desktop
- GNOME User desktop
Linux Users Desktop
- Other Window manger
Linux Users Desktop
- Window manger looks like XP
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
!!We would like to express about our grateful thanks to whom stand for finishing this seminar.
specially
